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MEDICATION-NOT
NEEDED
In our country, there are several drugs used in
Diarrhoea to stop the motion which actually is no need. Because
Diarrhoea is self limiting but in our country we use drugs in
43% cases. Drugs should not be given to stop Diarrhoea to
children under 12 years old. They sound attractive remedies, but
are unsafe to give to children due to possible serious
complications. However, paracetamol or ibuprofen can be given to
ease a high temperature or headache.
PREVENTION OF DIARRHOEA
Proper case management, consisting of oral rehydration therapy
and feeding, can reduce the adverse effects of Diarrhoea, which
include dehydration, nutritional damage, and risk of death.
There are some practices identified as targets for promotion for
prevention are:
1.Breastfeeding;
2.Improved weaning practices;
3.Use of plenty of water for hygiene and use of clean water
for drinking.
4.Hand-washing
5.Use of latrines & safe disposal of the stools of children
6.Zinc supplementation
7.Continued feeding the child during Diarrhoea.
8.Provision of Water supply at community and national level
9.Vaccine
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Breastfeeding
Breast feeding has some major benefits like
breast-fed babies have fewer episodes of Diarrhoea,
less severe episode and a lower risk of dying from
Diarrhoea than babies who are not breast-fed. |
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Improved weaning practices
Weaning is a hazardous event for many infants. This
is because the child may not receive food of
adequate nutritional value and the food and drinks
provided may be contaminated with pathogenic
microbes, including those that cause Diarrhoea.
Mothers should be taught ways of preparing, giving,
and storing weaning food that minimizes the risk of
bacterial contamination. |
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Proper use of water for
hygiene & drinking
The fecal-oral route transmits the most
infectious agents that cause Diarrhoea. This
includes transmission by contaminated drinking water
or contaminated food, and person-to-person spread. A
plentiful supply of clean water helps to encourage
hygienic practices, such as hand washing, cleaning
of eating utensils. Theses practices can interrupt
the spread of infectious agents that cause
Diarrhoea.
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Hand washing
Parents can help to protect children against
Diarrhoea by adopting certain hygiene practices. One
very important practice is hand washing. Hands
should be washed with soap carefully after
defecation before handling food & before feeding.
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Use of latrines
Human faeces should be disposed of in a way that
prevents them form coming into contact with hands or
contaminating a water source. This is the best
achieved through regular use of a well-maintained
latrine.
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Zinc supplementation
Zinc is an important micronutrient for a child's
overall health and development. Zinc is lost in
greater quantities during Diarrhoea; replacing the
lost zinc is important to help the child recover and
to keep the child healthy in the coming months.
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Continue to feed the child
The child should be offered small amounts of
nutritious and easily digestible foods frequently.
If the child is breast-fed, try to increase the
frequency and duration of feed. Feeding during the
Diarrhoea episode provides the nutrients the child
needs for the growth and prevents weight loss.
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ICDDR,B RESEARCH ON DIARRHOEA
One of the most exciting achievements in global
public health in 2006 was the publication of results
of two large trials of two different vaccines
against Rotavirus. Numerous previous Rotavirus
vaccine candidates have shown good efficacy in some
countries and poor efficacy in others. Since 1993,
ICDDR,B has maintainined a surveillance for
determining the causes of Diarrhoea among patients
visiting the ICDDR,B Dhaka & Matlab hospitals,
Bangladesh. This provides a useful figure to
estimate the health benefit of an effective vaccine.
CONCLUSION
In the west, Diarrhoea is an inconvenience but in
the developing world, it can be a death sentence. It
kills millions of children every year. Yet recurrent
bouts of Diarrhoea not only disrupt a child's
schooling, but also retard physical development as
vital nutrients are continually flashed out of the
body so as our future. Improvement in rehydration
and maintanance solution, vaccine, food safety and
hygeine may help to prevent one of the most common
public health problem in children. We have to work
together to combat with Diarrhoea to save our
children as well as our future.
Reference :
1. Davidson Medicine, 20 the edition; 2.
Nelsons, Textbook of pediatrics; 3. Diarrhoea
treatment guideline from WHO; 4. Safety and
efficacy of Zinc in childhood dirrhoea, Dept. of
international health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School
of public health; 5. www.wikipedia.com; 6.
www.icddrb.com; 7. www.who.int |
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1816-1826 :
First Cholera pandemic: The
pandemic began in Bengal, and
then spread across India by
1820.
1829-1851 : Second Cholera
pandemic reached
Europe, London and
Paris in 1832
1961-1970s : Seventh Cholera
pandemic began in
Indonesia, called El Tor
after the strain, and
reached Bangladesh in
1963
1816-1826 :
First Cholera pandemic: The
pandemic began in Bengal, and
then spread across India by
1820.
1829-1851 : Second Cholera
pandemic reached
Europe, London and
Paris in 1832
1961-1970s : Seventh Cholera
pandemic began in
Indonesia, called El Tor
after the strain, and
reached Bangladesh in
1963
1816-1826 :
First Cholera pandemic: The
pandemic began in Bengal, and
then spread across India by
1820.
1829-1851 : Second Cholera
pandemic reached
Europe, London and
Paris in 1832
1961-1970s : Seventh Cholera
pandemic began in
Indonesia, called El Tor
after the strain, and
reached Bangladesh in
1963
1816-1826 :
First Cholera pandemic: The
pandemic began in Bengal, and
then spread across India by
1820.
1829-1851 : Second Cholera
pandemic reached
Europe, London and
Paris in 1832
1961-1970s : Seventh Cholera
pandemic began in
Indonesia, called El Tor
after the strain, and
reached Bangladesh in
1963
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