MediNews

Following are the mechanical instrument for Diabetes patients

COMPLICATIONS
Since the introduction of effective treatment that allows patients with Diabetes to live through the acute metabolic consequences of the illness, it has become apparent that Diabetes is associated with a number of chronic microvascular complications, which affect the eyes, kidneys and nervous system & macrovascular complications, which lead to an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.

Macrovascular Complications
● Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
● Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Death
● Peripheral Vascular Disease
● Cerebrovascular Disease
● Renal Artery Stenosis
● Skin Conditions (detailed in the Pictorial Diagnosis, page-11)
        ● Diabetic dermopathy (microvascular complication of skin              vessles)
        ● Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (microvascular             complication of skin vessles)
        ● Diabetic Blisters (bullosis diabeticorum)
        ● Disseminated Granuloma Annulare
        ● Acanthosis Nigricans (indicates hyperinsulinaemia)

Microvascular Complications
● Diabetic Retinopathy
     ● Background retinopathy
     ● Maculopathy
     ● Proliferative retinopathy
● Diabetic Nephropathy
     ● Occurs in 40% of Type I Diabetes Mellitus
     ● Occurs in 20% of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
● Peripheral Neuropathy
     ● Charcot joint
     ● Foot Ulcer and Diabetic Footm Suspected Osteomyelitis in          Diabetes Mellitus
● Autonomic Neuropathy
     ● Gastroparesis
     ● Impotence
     ● Postural hypotension
     ● Diarrhoea
     ● Bladder incontinence

PREVENTION OF DIABETES
One of the most exciting areas in Diabetes at present is a focus on the possibility that type 2 Diabetes can be prevented or at least its onset delayed. Interest in this area has been rekindled by the publication of studies showing that both lifestyle & pharmacological interventions can reduce the incidence of Diabetes.

There is no fullproof way to prevent Diabetes, but steps can be taken to improve the chances of avoiding it:

● Exercise : Studies of both men and women have shown that    vigorous exercise, even if done only once a week has a protective    effect against Diabetes. Exercise not only promotes weight loss but    lowers blood sugar as well.
● Lose weight : There is evidence that both men and women who    gain weight in adulthood increase their risk of Diabetes. A study    conducted at Harvard showed that adult women who gained 11 to    17 pounds since the age of 18 doubled their risk of Diabetes;    those who gained between 18 and 24 pounds almost tripled their    risk. 90 percent of diabetics are overweight.
● Diet : The use of a diet low in calories & in saturated fat leads to    weight reduction, which is an ideal strategy for preventing Type II    Diabetes.
● Stop smoking : Smoking is especially dangerous for people with    Diabetes who are at risk for heart and blood vessel diseases.

A HEALTHIER WEIGHT & LIFESTYLE
Reaching and maintaining a healthy weight is important for everyone with Diabetes. Weight control is extremely important in treating Type II Diabetes because extra body fat makes it difficult for people with Type II Diabetes to make & use their own insulin. People with Diabetes can experience blood flow problems in the legs & feet, which can sometimes lead to amputation. Smoking can decrease blood flow even more. Smoking can also worsen sexual impotence in men, cause high levels of LDL cholesterol & can raise the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Moderating Sugar, Fat and Carbohydrates
Different foods have different effects on blood sugar, such as why ice cream (higher in fat) raises blood sugar levels more slowly than potatoes. But people with Diabetes donÕt always go for desserts & sweets. They just have to only moderate amounts more than once or twice a week, after blood glucose control has been achieved.
Sometimes, it may seem easier to pop a pill or even take a shot than to put on your walking shoes and hit the trail. But the truth is that exercise, in combination with a healthy diet, is one of the best things you can do to take care of yourself if you have Diabetes.

MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY
If a person is diagnosed with Diabetes, pay careful attention to nutrition and diet as part of your treatment program. People with Diabetes should also eat about the same amount of food at the same time each day to keep blood sugar levels stable. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends the ollowing daily dietary guidelines:

● Up to 70 % of all calories should be obtained from carbohydrates and unsaturated fats (vegetable oils & margarine). These carbohydrates should be mainly complex carbohydrates & naturally occurring sugars (similar to those in milk and fruits).
● Between 10 & 20 % of calories should be obtained from protein.
q Less than 10 percent of all calories should be obtained from fat. Saturated fats are found in animal products and in some vegetable oils (such as coconut, palm, and palm-kernel oils).
● Eat 30 to 35 grams of fiber.
● Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol.

For Type I Diabetes, the meal plan should be tailored to the person's individual needs & is likely to include 3 meals & 2-3 snacks a day. A person with Diabetes must eat these meals and snacks at set times each day to properly balance insulin.